Essential Questions: Why do societies need laws? Where do laws come from?
Focus Skill: Collaborative Conversations
In the book of Exodus (in the Hebrew Bible, also known as the Torah) the Israelites stopped at the foot of Mount Sinai and Moses went up the mountain to meet with God. Moses came down the mountain with two stone tablets that are ten laws. The Commandments and other laws told the Israelites how to behave towards God and one another. These laws are still important to Jews and to many other people today.
(Source Document) The Ten Commandments
1. I am the Lord thy God... You shall have no other gods before me.
2. You shall not worship false idols…(Not worship other things)
3. You shall not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain...
4. Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy.
5. Honor thy father and thy mother...
6. You shall not kill.
7. You shall not commit adultery.
8. You shall not steal.
9. You shall not bear false witness against thy neighbor (lie).
10. You shall not covet (desire)... anything that is thy neighbor’s.
Practicing Collaborative Conversations
Directions: Before you practice your collaborative conversations in 
your group, write down THREE Commandments in your own words
and why do you think they are important to a Civilization or Society.
Directions: Pick 3 Commandments and write them in YOUR OWN WORDS. And explain why you think they are important.
- You need to honor and respect your mother and father, the two people who gave life to you. It is important you respect the people who gave life to you and cared for you when you were growing up.
- You will not kill. Killing is never the answer, and should not be done whether you’re religious or not.
- You do not steal. Stealing is a very bad thing to do, for you take stuff without asking for permission, which you didn't work for to deserve it and which other people might need more than you.
Essential Questions: Why do societies need laws? Where do laws come from?
Skill Focus: Supporting ideas from examples in the text
Introduction: Laws are a complex institution of civilizations. They are designed to do many things—settle conflicts between individuals, provide citizens with guidance on proper behavior, and outline an individual’s relationship with the government. Thus, laws are important for building stable civilizations.
You will compare and contrast Hammurabi’s Code and Excerpts from the Torah (The old testament). Answer the questions below.
Source: Hammurabi’s Code (1775 B.C.)
If a son has struck his father, they shall cut off his hand.
If a [noble] has destroyed the eye of a [noble], they shall destroy his eye.
If he has broken another [noble’s] bone, they shall break his bone.
If he has destroyed the eye of a commoner or broken the bone of a commoner, he shall pay one mina of silver.
If he has destroyed the eye of a [noble’s] slave or broken the bone of a [noble’s] slave, he shall pay one- half [the slave’s] value.
If a [noble] has knocked out the tooth of a [noble], they shall knock out his tooth.
If he has knocked out a commoner’s tooth, he shall pay one-third mina of silver.
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DOCUMENT-BASED QUESTIONS
1. In your own words (paraphrase) some of the laws written in Hammurabi’s Code.
A lot of the codes written in the Hammurabi code consequences are the same as the rule broken. For example, if a noble destroyed the eye of another noble, than the other noble gets to do the same to the noble (destroy his eye.) There is some form of karma, so for every bad deed you do a bad deed comes to you, whether its injury, death or you pay back something.
2. Is the Code applied equally to all people? Explain your answer.
No. In my opinion the code isn't fair. A lot of this is not fair to all the people. For example, if someone believes a woman is a witch she dies either way without getting her own word. I only noticed the code punishments aren't as bad to higher class people to lower class people. The code does not apply equally to all people.
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Essential Questions: Why do societies need laws? Where do laws come from?
Skill Focus: Supporting ideas from examples in the text
Source: Old Testament (Part of the Torah) (around 600 B.C)
Whoever strikes a man so that he dies shall be put to death. But if he did not lie in wait for him, but God let him fall into his hand, then I will appoint for you a place to which he may flee. . . .
Whoever strikes his father or his mother shall be put to death. . . . Whoever curses his father or his mother shall be put to death. When men quarrel and one strikes the other with a stone or with this fist and the man does not die but keeps his bed, then if the man rises again and walks abroad with his staff, he that struck him shall be clear; only he shall pay for the loss of his time. . . .
When a man strikes his slave, male or female, with a rod and the slave dies under his hand, he shall be punished.
When a man strikes the eye of his slave, male or female, and destroys it, he shall let the slave go free for the eye’s sake. If he knocks out the tooth of his slave, male or female, he shall let the slave go free for the tooth’s sake.
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DOCUMENT-BASED QUESTIONS
1. Describe some of the punishments of these laws.
If you don’t respect (kill) people around you, you die
If you don’t respect your parents you die
If you hurt a slave you shall let the slave go
2. How is the treatment of slaves in Hammurabi’s Code and the Old Testament laws similar? How is it different?
Both of the laws represent justice as Revenge. In both the laws you had to respect people around you.
In Hammurabi’s code, If you hurt a slave. The slave can’t leave. Instead the slave gets to hurt you the same way you hurted it.
Both of the laws are very similar
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- On page _________, it said….
- The author wrote…
- According to the text….
- From the reading, I know that…
- Based on what I read…
- For example…
Visual Study Guide
Directions: Read the question or statement and fill in the blank below
According to ancient Hebrew history, who made the first covenant with god, which promised the Hebrews the Promised Land? Abraham
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The belief in ONE God which is one of the central beliefs of Judaism is called Monoth
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According to Jewish scripture God’s laws were delivery by whom? Moses
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Abraham
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Monotheısm
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Moses
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Abraham met god and told his people (the Hebrews) about the promise land
According to Jewish Scripture God gave these laws to the Hebrews. (what are the laws called?)
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What is the “promised land” called that God promised Abraham and his people? Canaan
(Hint: Between Egypt and Mesopotamia)
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Moses led the Israelites from Egypt. This event is also called the Exodus
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The ten commandments
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Passover
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David
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Ten commandments were made by Moses. Moses climbed to the top of Mount Sinai where God spoke to him. When he came down the mountain, he carried 2 stone tablets that contained the Ten commandments. These commandments became the basis for the laws of the Israelites. The commandments later became an important part of the moral and ethical traditions of western civilization.
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A Jewish holiday that remembers the Exodus
The Torah tells of a terrible famine in Canaan. The starving Israelites went to Egypt, where Jacob’s son Joseph served as top adviser to Egypt’s pharaoh. In time, a new pharaoh came to power. He enslaved the Israelites. And Moses helped the Israelites leave Egypt. Exodus is the migration of the Israelites from Egypt. And passover is a Jewish holiday that remembers the Exodus.
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2nd King
of the Israelites
who brought to-
gether the 12
tribes of Israel
The first king Samuel chose a young man named David as the next king. The choice was a wise one. in about 1000 B.C. David and the Israelites drove out the Philistines. David won control of Jerusalem.
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